BDS and ultra-high rate GNSS in monitoring coseismic dynamic motions of the 2022 Luding MW6.8 and 2025 Dingri MW7.1 earthquakes in China
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Abstract
High-rate Global Navigation Satellite Systems (hrGNSS) provide clip-free, geodetically referenced displacement time series that are valuable for resolving near-field earthquake dynamics. Here, we analyze ultra-high-rate (50 Hz) and conventional (1 Hz) hrGNSS data from the 2022 Luding MW6.8 and the 2025 Dingri MW7.1 earthquakes. We process the data using both differential positioning and precise point positioning (PPP), and evaluate single-GPS, GPS-GLONASS-Galileo (GRE), and GPS-GLONASS-Galileo-BeiDou-2 (GREC2) solutions. The GREC2 combination significantly reduces positioning noise relative to GPS-only, with improvements of 2%-23% and 49%-83% on the east- and north-components, respectively, while GRE shows smaller but systematic gains (east 2%-24%, north 30%-72%). Differential positioning shows slightly lower noise than PPP, i.e., about 14% east, about 6% north on average, despite a sub-centimeter precision for both approaches. The near-fault 50 Hz waveforms in the Luding event feature the resolvable energy within the 0.3-0.5 Hz band, implying potential aliasing in 1 Hz records. These results demonstrate that integrating BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) can improve the precision of dynamic displacements. However, the 1 Hz sampling rate may be susceptible to aliasing effects when the site is located near the fault.
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